Non-lethal weapons have become an essential component of modern warfare. With the Department of Defense defining them as tools “explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate targeted personnel or materiel immediately while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel and undesired damage to property in the target area or environment,” these weapons offer a critical alternative to the use of lethal force. Among the non-lethal weapons currently being developed and deployed by the U.S. military is the NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade.
Introduction
The NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade is a hand-thrown interim replacement for the MK-141 Flash Bang Grenade. Designed to deny access into or out of an area to individuals, move individuals through an area, and suppress individuals, this technology can support multiple missions, including force protection, and assist in clearing spaces, checkpoints, crowd control, and entry control points. This article will take a closer look at this non-lethal weapon, including its features and capabilities and its potential impact on modern warfare.
NICO BTV-1 flash bang hand grenade (Photo: XY)
Features
The NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade has several unique features that set it apart from its predecessors. These features include:
Improved safety: One of the most significant improvements in the NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade is its ability to prevent serious injury to personnel in the event of premature grenade detonation. This feature is essential in ensuring the safety of soldiers and other personnel who may handle the grenade.
Flash blindness: The NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade produces 3-5 seconds of flash blindness, making it an effective tool for temporarily incapacitating individuals.
Lower pressure: The grenade is designed to reduce blast injury risk by producing a lower pressure.
Hand-safe capability: The grenade is constructed with a metal body and top and bottom venting, making it hand-safe for personnel handling it.
Capabilities
The NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade is capable of a range of missions, including:
Force protection: The grenade can protect military personnel from hostile forces.
Assist in clearing spaces: The grenade can assist in clearing spaces during military operations.
Checkpoints: The grenade can be used at checkpoints to deny access to individuals.
Crowd control: The grenade can be used during demonstrations or other events.
Entry control points: The grenade can be used at entry control points to deny access to individuals.
One of the significant advantages of the NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade is that it is a non-lethal weapon. This means that it can be used to incapacitate individuals without causing severe injury or death. A grenade is essential for escalation-of-force options when lethal force is not the best first response.
NICO BTV-1 flash bang hand grenade has a 1.5 s delay fuse (Photo: XY)
Impact on the Modern Warfare
The NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade has the potential to support various missions, including force protection, assisting in clearing spaces, checkpoints, crowd control, and entry control points. This non-lethal weapon is designed to deny access into/out of an area to individuals, move individuals through an area, and suppress individuals. The improvements in its design also prevent serious injury to personnel in the event of premature grenade detonation, provide 3-5 seconds of flash blindness, a lower pressure to reduce blast injury risk, and hand-safe capability with a metal body and top and bottom venting. Multiple Services currently employ this device.
Used NICO BTV-1 flash-bang grenade (Photo: XY)
Overall, the NICO BTV-1 Flash Bang Grenade can provide valuable support to military and law enforcement operations by offering a non-lethal option for disabling targets and controlling crowds.
Drones have become an increasingly important tool for military surveillance and reconnaissance, and the Bayraktar TB2 is one such drone that has gained significant attention in recent years. Developed by the Turkish Company Baykar Makina, the Bayraktar TB2 is a versatile and powerful drone capable of conducting various operations, including intelligence gathering, target acquisition, and surveillance. Equipped with advanced sensors and GPS navigation, the drone can fly for up to 24 hours on a single charge, with a range of 150 km and an altitude of up to 7,000 meters. With the Turkish military had utilized drones in conflicts in Syria and Libya, the Bayraktar TB2 has demonstrated its effectiveness in modern warfare. In this article, we will take a closer look at the capabilities of this innovative drone and its impact on military operations.
Introduction
The Bayraktar TB2 is a cutting-edge unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) that has gained immense popularity in military technology. This medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) drone is produced by Baykar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., a prominent Turkish company that mainly supplies it to the Turkish Armed Forces. The TB2 drone can operate remotely or autonomously and is monitored and controlled by a ground crew. It has been credited to Selçuk Bayraktar, who once studied at MIT. Since its inception, the TB2 drone has flown over 400,000 hours globally since November 2021 and has been exported to several other countries worldwide. Many nations have used the Bayraktar TB2 drone in various wars, including Azerbaijan, Ukraine, and Ethiopia, making it a sought-after military tool. Turkey, in particular, has used this drone to strike targets in Iraq and Syria precisely.
Development
The development of the Bayraktar TB2 was triggered by the U.S. ban on exporting armed unmanned aircraft to Turkey due to concerns about their potential use against the PKK both inside and outside of Turkey. In response, Baykar began developing a new combat tactical aerial vehicle system at the request of the Presidency of Defense Industries, following its first tactical UAV, the Bayraktar Çaldıran or Bayraktar TB1, delivered to the Turkish army in 2011. The Bayraktar TB2 made its first flight in August 2014, and in December 2015, a video was released of a missile test firing from the drone, a collaboration between Baykar and Roketsan. The arming of the Bayraktar TB2 was made possible by EDO MBM’s U.K. Hornet micro-munitions bomb rack, a variant of which was integrated into the aircraft by EDO MBM and Roketsan.
Previously, the aircraft relied on imported and regulated components such as Rotax 912 engines from Austria and optoelectronics from Canada and Germany. Despite being certified for civil use only, Bombardier Recreational Products suspended engine delivery to some countries in October 2020 upon becoming aware of their military use. The U.K. Department for International Trade disclosed details of exports of the Hornet bomb rack to Turkey from 2014 to 2020, including 16 out of 18 Standard Individual Export Licence applications being granted. Most of Baykar’s customers, including Ukraine, Poland, Morocco, and Kuwait, opted for the Wescam MX-15D over Aselsan CATS electro-optical turret due to weight and compatibility issues. However, the Turkish defense industry claims that locally manufactured alternatives have replaced all components previously imported.
Design
The Bayraktar TB2 platform boasts a blended wing body design and an inverted V-tail structure, generating thrust through a variable-pitch two-blade propeller in a pusher configuration. This propeller is mounted between the tail booms and powered by an internal combustion engine situated in the body. The modular monocoque platform features a detachable wing, tail boom, and V-tail components. The fuselage pieces comprise carbon fiber composite material with machined aluminum parts utilized at joints. Furthermore, the bladder tanks store the fuel, and fuel consumption is balanced with solenoid valves.
5-view drawing of Bayraktar TB2 tactical drone in flight configuration. The craft is armed with a MAM-L bomb on an inner and a MAM-C bomb on an outer stb. (Photo: Wiki Commons)
The ground control station (GCS) is based on a NATO specification shelter unit with redundant command and control systems. The mobile unit can accommodate three personnel: a pilot, a payload operator, and a mission commander. The GCS is outfitted with dual air conditioners, and a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) filtration unit ensures a healthy environment. Inside the shelter, all hardware is organized in racked cabinets. Each operator has dual screens in front, and the operator interface software is used for real-time command, control, and monitoring.
Although the Turkish Armed Forces classify the Bayraktar TB2 as a “Tactical UAV Class” to avoid competition with the TAI Anka UAV, international standards would categorize it as a medium-altitude long-endurance UAV.
Configuration
The TB2 comprises six aerial vehicle platforms, two ground control stations, three ground data terminals (GDT), two remote video terminals (RVT), and necessary ground support equipment, as cited in the source. Each of the aerial platforms features a robust avionics system with triple redundancy. The ground control system has a cross-redundant architecture that facilitates command, control, and monitoring of the platform by the pilot, payload operator, and mission commander.
Bayraktar TB2 loaded with MAM-L (Photo: Wiki Commons)
Digital flight control system
The TB2 is a state-of-the-art aerial platform with various advanced systems to enable efficient and autonomous flight operations. The flight control system is a triple-redundant setup that provides reliable and safe flight control from taxi to landing and even parking. This computerized system conducts sensor fusion algorithms with real-time sensor data to ensure precise and accurate flight control. On the other hand, mission-specific controls are managed through the mission control computer system.
The TB2 employs a range of redundant rotary and linear servo actuators that guide the aerial platform. Moreover, the avionics equipment, software, and hardware are continuously undergoing development to improve their functionality and efficiency. The onboard systems are powered by an electronic power supply supported by triple alternators and balanced, smart lithium-ion battery units. A ruggedized heated camera unit located in the tail section of the platform provides real-time monitoring of flight operations.
Bayraktar TB2 at the 2020 Victory Parade in Baku, Azerbaijan (Photo: Wiki Commons)
The airborne data recorder records all payload and telemetry data for post-flight analysis and performance evaluation. The redundancy architecture of the avionics supports autonomous emergency landings on different airfields in case of any unforeseen circumstances. The TB2’s sensor fusion algorithms, including an inertial navigation system, allow for precise navigation and auto landing even without global positioning signals. The TB2 is a reliable and efficient aerial platform with cutting-edge technology to enable safe and autonomous flight operations.
Price
The cost of a solitary TB2 unit has been evaluated to be approximately 5 million U.S. dollars, roughly one-sixth of the price of the Reaper UAV built in the United States. Baykar has not officially disclosed the cost of their product; however, they have shared multiple news reports on their website regarding crowdfunding initiatives launched in Europe during 2022. These campaigns aimed to purchase Bayraktar UAVs for Ukraine, with all of them setting a goal of around US$5–5.5 million for each unit.
Operational history
The TB2 drone has been used extensively in combat operations in Syria, Iraq, and most notably in the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in 2020. During the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the TB2 drone played a significant role in providing real-time intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) to Azerbaijani forces and conducting precision strikes against enemy targets.
According to the Turkish Ministry of Defense, the TB2 drone has also been used to support counter-terrorism operations against the PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) in Turkey. The drone’s advanced sensor suite, including electro-optical and infrared cameras, has been particularly useful in detecting and tracking the movements of enemy forces.
A rare example of Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones used solely for reconnaissance and coordination of the artillery fire during the ambush on the tank column
https://youtu.be/ABQ99i10CtY
Variants
Bayraktar TB2S
In October 2020, Baykar’s Chief Technology Officer, Selçuk Bayraktar, unveiled a new and improved version of the TB2 drone. This latest model, known as the TB2S, was showcased in a Twitter post by Bayraktar and boasted a unique feature – a protrusion on its body housing an antenna at its nose, allowing for satellite communication (SATCOM) capabilities.
Compared to the basic TB2 model, which relied on ground-based antennas for communication between the aircraft and control station, the TB2S’s integration of SATCOM provides a significantly greater control range, exceeding the previous 150-300 km range. Moreover, the addition of satellite communication also enhances the drone’s resistance to the enemy’s communication jamming tactics.
The Bayraktar TB2S completed its inaugural flight on December 4th, 2020, marking the first use of SATCOM in a Baykar drone.
Similar drones
There are several similar drones to the Bayraktar TB2 in terms of capabilities and intended use. Some examples include:
General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper – The MQ-9 Reaper is a medium-altitude, long-endurance UAV developed by General Atomics. The United States Air Force uses it for ISR and strike missions and has been used in various conflicts worldwide.
Israel Aerospace Industries Heron TP – The Heron TP is a medium-altitude, long-endurance UAV developed by Israel Aerospace Industries. The Israeli Air Force uses it for ISR and strike missions and has been used in conflicts in Gaza and Syria.
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation CH-4 – The CH-4 is a medium-altitude, long-endurance UAV developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The Chinese military uses it and has been used in various conflicts in Asia and Africa.
Elbit Systems Hermes 900 – The Hermes 900 is a medium-altitude, long-endurance UAV developed by Elbit Systems. The Israeli military uses it and has been used in various conflicts in the Middle East.
These drones are similar to the Bayraktar TB2 in their advanced sensor suites, long endurance capabilities, and ability to conduct precision strikes against enemy targets. However, each drone has unique features and specifications that suit different operational environments and missions.
Technical specifications
General characteristics
Crew: 0 on board, 3 per ground control station Length: 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in) Wing span: 12 m (39 ft 4 in) Max. take-off mass: 700 kg (1,500 lb) Payload: 150 kg (330 lb) Powerplant: 1 × 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912-iS internal combustion engine with injection Propeller: 2-bladed variable-pitch Fuel capacity: 300 liters (79 U.S. gal) Fuel type: gasoline (petrol)
Performance
Maximum speed: 120 knots (220 km/h) Cruise speed: 70 knots (130 km/h) Range: up to 4,000 km (2,200 nmi) Communication range: line-of-sight propagation, < 300 kilometres (190 mi) Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,600 m) Operational altitude: 18,000 ft (5,500 m) Endurance: 27 hours
China has made significant strides in firearms development over the years, and the QBZ-95 or Type 95 assault rifle is a testament to this fact. It is a modern weapon family that utilizes indigenous Chinese ammunition to replace the aging Type 81. Elite units of the PLA initially adopted the QBZ-95, but it eventually became the standard-issue infantry rifle for the Chinese army, armed police, and law enforcement forces. This article provides an in-depth overview of the QBZ-95, covering its design, features, capabilities, and limitations.
Design and Features
The QBZ-95 is an entirely new and indigenous design that does not resemble any previous Chinese or foreign designs. It is a gas-operated, selective-fire assault rifle with a bullpup layout, where the action and magazine are behind the trigger group. This layout offers a shorter overall length, improved maneuverability, and better weight distribution, making it suitable for urban combat and other close-quarters operations.
QBZ-95, also known as Type 95 assault rifle (Photo: XY)
The QBZ-95 is chambered for the DBP-87 5.8×42 mm ammunition, developed in the late 1980s to replace the Soviet 7.62×39 mm ammunition in Chinese service. This ammunition is lighter, has improved ballistics, and is similar in concept to the standard NATO 5.56×45 mm and Soviet 5.45×39 mm intermediate ammunition. It was designed to be a one-cartridge solution for assault rifles, designated marksman rifles, and light machine guns. According to Chinese sources, the 5.8×42 mm ammunition is superior to the 5.56×45 mm and 5.45×39 mm ammunition.
The QBZ-95 family includes the QBZ-95 assault rifle, QJB-95 squad automatic weapon, QJY-88 general-purpose machine gun, and QBU-88 designated marksman rifle. All these weapons share the same action and bullpup layout, with a polymer housing. However, they cannot be converted from one configuration to another.
The QBZ-95 features a combined safety and fire mode selector switch behind the magazine on the left, which is somewhat awkward. It can produce single shots, three-round bursts, or fully automatic fire. The weapon incorporates some features to reduce recoil, which is claimed to be low.
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Peter Pace USMC shakes hands with a Chinese tank crew member who holds a QBZ-95 assault rifle (Photo: Wiki)
The QBZ-95 uses box-shaped polymer magazines that can hold 30 rounds, and two magazines can be clamped together using a special clamp for faster reloading. An integral carrying handle comes with a built-in rear sight base that is of the open type and has a sighting range of 500 m. The carrying handle has quick-release mounting points for various sights or night vision scopes, including the IQ5118 1x magnification thermal sight. The effective range of fire is about 400 m against a point target and 600 m against an area target.
The QBZ-95 assault rifle is compatible with a QLG-91B 35 mm under-barrel grenade launcher, similar in concept to the US M203, or a newer and more compact QLG-10 35 mm grenade launcher inspired by the Russian GP-30. The weapon can also launch DQJ-03 40 mm rifle grenades and mount a knife-bayonet.
Capabilities and Limitations
Although the QBZ-95 had many advantages, such as being a modern weapon with high accuracy, it had limited ergonomics and some other limitations. As a result, the Chinese military decided to adopt the QBZ-03 assault rifle, which had a conventional layout. This rifle, however, was not a direct replacement for the QBZ-95 and was only used by border guard units and law enforcement forces in China.
Despite this, in 2014, the Chinese military launched a development program for a new weapon to replace the QBZ-95, which had been in service for some time. The military decided to move away from the bullpup layout that was previously used and instead opted for a conventional layout. The resulting weapon was named QBZ-191 and was adopted in 2019.
The QBZ-191, chambered for different ammunition than the QBZ-95, strongly resembles the US Bushmaster ACR modular assault rifle, although it has undergone several modifications. China’s adoption of the QBZ-191 means it is one of the last nations to abandon assault rifles with a bullpup layout. The QBZ-191 was adopted alongside a new family of infantry weapons to replace the entire QBZ-95 family in service.
Variants
QBZ-95-1
The QBZ-95-1 is an improved version of the QBZ-95, featuring a heavier and longer barrel, a redesigned muzzle brake, and a relocated fire mode selector. This weapon was designed to handle the new DBP-10 “heavy” ammunition, providing superior ballistics range and armor penetration. The QBZ-95 could previously use the DBP-88 “heavy” round of the QJB-95 light machine gun, which caused excessive wear and tear to the barrel and action. The new DBP-10 round is compatible with the improved QBZ-95-1 assault rifle and the QJB-95 light machine gun. The Chinese army has fielded a small number of these improved assault rifles for trials and evaluation, and they are currently in service alongside the original QBZ-95 assault rifles.
QBZ-95B
The QBZ-95B carbine is a shorter and lighter version of the assault rifle used by the Chinese Navy. However, its short barrel is incompatible with a bayonet or under-barrel grenade launcher. The QBZ-95B-1 is an improved version of the QBZ-95B with ergonomic enhancements, similar to the QBZ-95-1 full-size assault rifle.
Chinese Navy sailor holding a QBZ-95B short-barrel carbine during a VBSS exercise at RIMPAC (Photo: Wiki)
QJB-95
The QJB-95 light machine gun is fitted with a bipod and a heavier barrel and typically uses 75-round drum-type magazines. It initially used the DBP-88 “heavy” machine gun ammunition, but the new DBP-10 “heavy” round is now compatible with the QJB-95 light machine gun and the improved QBZ-95-1 assault rifle. The QJB-95-1 is an improved light machine gun with ergonomic enhancements.
QBZ-97
The QBZ-97 is an export version of the QBZ-95, chambered for the 5.56×45 mm standard NATO ammunition and compatible with standard NATO (M16-type) magazines. It is similar to the QBZ-95 internally and has been exported to several countries, including Cambodia, the Philippines, and Sudan. The QBZ-97A is another export variant with a three-round burst mode and a different pistol grip. The QBZ-97B is a shorter carbine version, chambered for the 5.56×45 mm NATO ammunition, intended for the export market. The NQZ-03B is a semi-automatic civilian version.
QJB-97
The QJB-97 is a light machine gun developed for export, also chambered for 5.56×45 mm ammunition. Finally, the MA-1 Mk.3 is Myanmar’s clone of the QBZ-97, with some local modifications, and was adopted by the Myanmar Army around 2012.
In the early 2000s, the Chinese army needed a compact submachine gun. The answer came in the form of the QCW-05, also called Type 05. This submachine gun was designed and developed to replace the aging Type 85 and other obsolete submachine guns. It is currently in service with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and Chinese law enforcement forces. This article will take a comprehensive look at the QCW-05 submachine gun, including its design, features, and specifications.
Design and Features
The QCW-05 submachine gun’s unique design sets it apart from other submachine guns. Its designation translates as a “Silenced Assault Gun, 2005”, hinting at its intended purpose. The gun looks like a scaled-down version of the QBZ-95, the standard-issue assault rifle of the Chinese army. However, the QCW-05’s internal design is different from the QBZ-95.
The original QCW-05 was designed for military use. It is a blowback-operated weapon with a bullpup layout. The bullpup layout means the gun’s action is located behind the trigger, allowing for a shorter overall length without sacrificing barrel length. This makes the QCW-05 compact and easy to handle in close quarters. The gun is chambered for the new Chinese 5.8×21 mm ammunition. Some sources claim that it uses armor-piercing rounds as its primary ammunition.
The QCW-05 is a personal defense weapon similar to the FN P90 and HK MP7. It is designed to provide a compact and lightweight option for troops in close-quarters combat. The gun’s design is optimized for urban warfare, where soldiers may have to fight in tight spaces.
A shooter aiming with FN P90 submachine gun chambered in 5.7 mm caliber (Photo: Vickers)
Safety and Fire Modes
The QCW-05 has a safety/fire mode selector switch above the pistol grip. The switch has three settings: single shot, three-round burst, and full-auto. The gun also has an additional automatic grip safety. The grip safety ensures that the gun can only be fired when held correctly. This feature adds an extra layer of safety to the gun, ensuring it will not accidentally discharge.
Magazines and Sights
The Type 05 submachine gun is fed from four-row magazines that hold 50 rounds. The magazines are compatible with other Chinese firearms that use the 5.8×21 mm cartridge, such as the QSZ-92 pistol and the QBZ-95 assault rifle. This allows for better logistics and compatibility between weapons systems.
The gun comes with iron sights built into the carrying handle. The sights are designed for use at short to medium ranges, with a range of effective fire between 150 to 200 meters. However, the gun is also compatible with optical sights, which can be mounted on the built-in Picatinny rail.
Suppressor
QCW-05 with a suppressor attached (Photo: XY)
The QCW-05 submachine gun is compatible with a detachable suppressor. When the suppressor is attached, it requires special subsonic ammunition. This makes the weapon much quieter than when fired without the suppressor. Using a suppressor can also reduce the muzzle flash and recoil of the weapon, making it easier to handle and reducing the risk of detection.
Production and Service
The QCW-05 was developed in the early 2000s to meet the Chinese army’s requirement for a compact submachine gun. This design won the trials and was selected for production. Production commenced in 2005, and the gun is currently in service with the PLA and Chinese law enforcement forces. Special forces, security personnel, and police units use the QCW-05.
PLA soldier shooting from his QCW-05 or Type 05 submachine gun (Photo: XY)
Variants
The QCQ-05 variant of the QCW-05 lacks a suppressor and can be loaded with either the 5.8×21mm DCV05 subsonic pistol cartridge or the 5.8×21mm DAP92 pistol cartridge. The QCW-05 suppressor can be attached and detached from the QCQ-05, despite the QCQ-05 not having a suppressor.
On the other hand, the JS9 submachine gun is a compact firearm chambered for 9×19 mm ammunition, primarily used by Chinese armed police forces and intended for export to foreign customers. The JS9 shares similarities with the QCW-05 in design but features a Picatinny-type rail instead of a carrying handle. Additionally, the cocking handle of the JS9 has been repositioned to the right side of the receiver. This weapon feeds from 30-round magazines compatible with the Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun. The JS9 has an effective range of 100 to 150 meters and can be outfitted with a detachable suppressor. Unlike the QCW-05, the JS9 lacks a carrying handle and instead features a Picatinny rail that can be mounted on top.
The 5.11 All Hazards Nitro is an all-purpose backpack designed to cater to individuals who require a rugged and versatile backpack to carry their essential gear. Whether you need to pack it for travel, patrol, or long-range tactical use, this compact, fully functional pack is perfect for all your needs. The All Hazards Nitro is a well-constructed bag with plenty of unique features that make it stand out. In this article, we’ll look at the features and specifications of the 5.11 All Hazards Nitro and why it’s the perfect pack for all your tactical needs.
Dimensions and Capacity
The 5.11 All Hazards Nitro has been designed to provide ample space to store all your essentials while remaining compact enough to be easily carried around. The backpack measures 19″ H x 9″ L x 4.5″ and has a total capacity of 1281.5 cubic inches or 21 liters. The backpack weighs 3.8 pounds, making it lightweight enough to carry around without weighing you down. Additionally, the backpack can fit up to a 13″ laptop, making it an excellent option for individuals who need to carry their devices around.
5.11 All Hazards Nitro backpack first big compartment (Photo: XY)
Dual Main Compartments
The 5.11 All Hazards Nitro features dual main compartments that provide ample space to store all your gear. The spacious compartments can accommodate all your essentials, making it an excellent option for individuals carrying their gear. The well-designed compartments make organizing your gear easy, so you always know where everything is.
5.11 All Hazards Nitro backpack overall look (Photo: XY)
Bucket Lid Opening
The 5.11 All Hazards Nitro has a bucket-lid opening that makes it easy to access your gear quickly. The opening is well-designed and lets you see everything in your pack at a glance. The bucket-lid opening is an excellent feature for individuals who need to access their gear quickly and efficiently.
Pass-Through Slots for Breaching Tools or Baton
The 5.11 All Hazards Nitro has pass-through slots, making carrying breaching tools or batons easy. The slots are well-designed and make it easy to carry your gear around. The pass-through slots are an excellent feature for individuals who need to carry their breaching tools or baton around.
MOLLE-and SlickStick®-Compatible Web Platform
The 5.11 All Hazards Nitro has a MOLLE-and SlickStick®-compatible web platform on three sides and bottom lash points. The platform is well-designed and provides ample space to attach additional gear. The MOLLE-and SlickStick®-compatible web platform is an excellent feature for individuals who need to carry additional gear around.
5.11 All Hazards Nitro backpack has MOLLE and SlickStick web platform (Photo: XY)
All-Purpose Shove-It Pocket
The All Hazards Nitro has an all-purpose shove-it pocket that holds your helmet or extra cargo. The pocket is well-designed and provides ample space to store additional gear. The all-purpose shove-it pocket is an excellent feature for individuals who need to carry extra gear around.
Oversized Sunglasses Pocket
The All Hazards Nitro has an oversized sunglasses pocket that provides ample space to store your sunglasses. The pocket is well-designed and offers easy access to your sunglasses. The oversized sunglasses pocket is an excellent feature for individuals who need to carry their sunglasses around.
5.11 All Hazards Nitro backpack with oversized sunglasses pocket (Photo: XY)
Ruggedized Construction
The All Hazards Nitro has been designed to be rugged and durable. The backpack is constructed from 1050D nylon, a high-quality material that can withstand heavy use. The backpack is well-designed and can withstand the rigors of travel, patrol, or long-range tactical use.
Orange Lining for Quick Visual ID
The All Hazards Nitro has an orange lining that makes it easy to identify your gear in low-light conditions. The lining is well-designed and provides a quick visual ID of your gear, so you can quickly identify what you need in low-light conditions.
Loop Patches on the Sides and Top
The All Hazards Nitro has loop patches on the sides and top of the backpack. The loop patches are well-designed and provide ample space to attach additional gear. The loop patches are an excellent feature for individuals who need to attach additional gear to their backpacks.
5.11’s Signature Centerline™ Design
The All Hazards Nitro features 5.11’s signature Centerline™ design, which provides a streamlined and efficient design. The Centerline™ design is well thought out and offers ample space to store all your gear while remaining compact and easy to carry.
5.11 All Hazards Nitro backpack has a 5.11’s Signature Centerline™ Design (Photo: XY)
Imported
The All Hazards Nitro is imported and made with high-quality materials. The backpack is well-designed and provides ample space to store all your gear. A backpack is an excellent option for individuals who need a high-quality backpack that can withstand heavy use.
Customize Your Bag with Purpose-Built Pouches
The All Hazards Nitro can be customized with purpose-built pouches. The pouches are well-designed and provide additional space to store your gear. The pouches are an excellent feature for individuals who need to store additional gear.
Ideal for Travel, Patrol, or Long Range Tactical Use
The All Hazards Nitro is ideal for travel, patrol, or long-range tactical use. The backpack is well-designed and provides ample space to store all your gear. A backpack is an excellent option for individuals who need a high-quality backpack that can withstand heavy use.
All Hazards Nitro vs. Rush 2.0 12
Regarding capacity, the RUSH 12 2.0 has a slightly larger volume with a total capacity of 1,476 cubic inches or 24 liters. This makes it more suitable for those who need to carry more gear daily. However, the All Hazards Nitro Backpack 21L can still accommodate a decent amount of gear with its two main compartments and multiple pockets and slots.
Regarding organization, both backpacks offer a range of pockets and compartments to keep your gear organized and easily accessible. The All Hazards Nitro Backpack 21L has a bucket-lid opening for easy access to the main compartment, pass-through slots for breaching tools or a baton, loop patches, and a MOLLE and SlickStick-compatible web platform on three sides and bottom lash points. It also features an all-purpose shove-it pocket that can hold a helmet or extra cargo.
On the other hand, the RUSH 12 2.0 offers a front lower pocket with internal slip and zippered pockets for admin organization, a front top zippered pocket, an external front and side web MOLLE with 6×1 name tape and 3×3 loop, a fleece-lined eyewear/media pocket, a padded laptop sleeve, and dual mesh pockets in the main compartment. It also has a hidden CCW compartment with a loop panel and a rear hydration compartment.
Regarding durability, both backpacks are built to last with high-strength materials. The All Hazards Nitro Backpack 21L is made from 1050D nylon and features a high-visibility lining to help you identify your gear in low-light conditions. Meanwhile, the RUSH 12 2.0 is also made from high-strength, water-repellent 1050D nylon.
Both backpacks offer comfortable carrying options with contoured yoke shoulder strap systems and web MOLLE. The All Hazards Nitro Backpack 21L also has a top carry handle for alternative carrying options.
Overall, the 5.11 All Hazards Nitro Backpack 21L and the 5.11 RUSH 12 2.0 backpacks are excellent choices for those needing a compact, functional, and durable backpack. The All Hazards Nitro Backpack 21L is ideal for those who need a more compact backpack for carry-on, patrol, or tactical kit purposes, while the RUSH 12 2.0 is more suitable for those who need a larger volume backpack for daily use. Both backpacks offer a range of organizational features, durable materials, and comfortable carrying options.
Pros and cons
Conclusion
The All Hazards Nitro is a well-designed backpack with ample space to store all your gear. The backpack is rugged and durable, making it an excellent option for individuals who need a high-quality backpack that can withstand heavy use. The well-designed backpack provides ample space to store all your gear while remaining compact and easy to carry. Additionally, the backpack can be customized with purpose-built pouches, providing additional space to store your gear. Overall, the All Hazards Nitro is the perfect backpack for all your tactical needs.
Pros:
Compact size: The 21L size of this backpack makes it a good option for those who want a smaller, more streamlined pack that can still hold a decent amount of gear.
Dual main compartments: The two main compartments can help with organization and make it easier to access items quickly.
Bucket-lid opening: The bucket-lid opening allows easy access to the main compartments and makes it easier to pack and unpack the bag.
Pass-through slots: The pass-through slots can be useful for storing larger tools or items, like a baton or breaching tools.
MOLLE/SlickStick compatibility: The web platform on three sides and the bottom lash points allow for customization and attachment of additional pouches or accessories.
High-visibility lining: The orange lining can help identify gear in low-light conditions.
An all-purpose shove-it pocket can help hold a helmet or extra cargo.
Cons:
Limited capacity: The 21L size of this backpack may not be sufficient for those who need to carry a lot of gear.
No dedicated laptop sleeve: Unlike the Rush 2.0 backpack, this bag does not have a dedicated laptop sleeve.
No hydration system: The All Hazards Nitro does not have a hydration system, which may be a downside for those needing to carry water on longer trips or in hot environments.
No hidden CCW compartment: This backpack does not have a hidden CCW compartment like the Rush 2.0 backpack, which may be a downside for those who want to carry concealed weapons.
Limited color options: This backpack is only available in black or sandstone, which may be a downside for those who want more color options.
The role of a sniper in military operations has always been crucial. They provide long-range precision fire to support operations and can take out key targets with minimal risk to their own unit. For this purpose, the United States Army developed the M24 SWS, a rifle specifically designed for sniping. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of the M24 SWS, including its history, specifications, and how it compares to other sniper rifles.
History
The M24 SWS was developed in the 1980s to replace the Springfield Armory M21, primarily used in Vietnam. The M24 was designed to be a complete weapon system, meaning that it came with a detachable telescopic sight and a range of tools and accessories. This was a significant improvement over the M21, which required the addition of a scope and other accessories.
The M24 was first fielded in 1988 and quickly became the primary sniper rifle used by the US Army. The US Air Force also adopted it. The M24 replaced the M21 due to its improved accuracy, range, and durability. The M24’s long action design allowed it to be reconfigured to fire larger rounds, and variants chambered in .300 Winchester Magnum, and .338 Lapua Magnum were developed to take advantage of this feature.
An 82nd Airborne Division soldier with a patrol cap in Universal Camouflage Pattern training with an M24, while another 82nd soldier with a UCP-patterned boonie hat aims with his XM110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System (Photo: XY)
Specifications
The M24 SWS is a bolt-action rifle with a detachable box magazine holding either 5 or 10 rounds, depending on the model. The rifle is chambered for the 7.62x51mm NATO round and can fire machine gun-grade ammunition. However, this is generally avoided due to poor accuracy. Match-grade ammunition, such as the M118, M118LR, and MK 316 MOD 0 “Special Ball, Long Range,” is preferred.
The M24’s barrel is made of 416R stainless steel and has an unusual rifling pattern with 5 grooves rather than the more common even number. This design reduces bullet deformation, theoretically improving accuracy. The rifle’s accuracy is close to 1 MOA with match-grade ammunition at most distances, and the barrel is designed to maintain accuracy up to 10,000 rounds fired. The accuracy reportedly continues to improve up to 20,000 rounds.
The M24 has a Leupold Ultra M3A 10×42mm fixed power or a Leupold Mk 4 LR/T M3 10×40mm fixed power scope. The rifle is also fitted with iron sights as a backup for the scope. The M24’s furniture is all composite, with a fixed cheek piece, adjustable LOP, and hinged floorplate, and comes in the form of the H-S Precision PST-024 stock. The cheekpiece is fixed, while the buttplate is extendable up to 2 inches. The M-1950 Weapon Container for Airborne Operations is the standard container for the complete weapon.
M24 sniper rifle, equipped with AN/PVS-10 Sniper Night Sight (SNS) (Photo: U.S. Army)
The M24 has an effective range of 800 meters, although shots have been successfully made at distances beyond 1,000 meters. The rifle’s accuracy and range vary slightly depending on the ammunition used, with accuracy as low as .35 MOA from a machine rest.
Comparison to Other Sniper Rifles
The M24 SWS is often compared to other sniper rifles, such as the Remington 700, the Accuracy International Arctic Warfare, and the Barrett M82. Each of these rifles has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of the rifle will depend on the mission requirements.
The M24 SWS is a bolt-action sniper rifle developed specifically for sniping and is used by the US Army and Air Force. Here’s how it compares to other sniper rifles:
Remington 700: The M24 is derived from the Remington Model 700 rifle. The Remington 700 is a popular bolt-action rifle used by military and civilian shooters. However, the M24 is designed explicitly for sniping, and its accuracy and range are superior to the standard Remington 700.
Barrett M82: The Barrett M82 is a semi-automatic sniper rifle chambered for the .50 BMG round. It has a more extended range and greater stopping power than the M24 but is heavier and more expensive.
Accuracy International AW: The Accuracy International AW is a bolt-action sniper rifle that is widely used by military and police forces around the world. It has a shorter effective range than the M24, but its accuracy is comparable and more modular, allowing for easier customization.
Sako TRG: The Sako TRG is a bolt-action sniper rifle that military and law enforcement agencies worldwide use. It is comparable to the M24 in terms of accuracy and range but is more customizable, with a broader range of calibers and stock options.
Dragunov SVD: The Dragunov SVD is a semi-automatic sniper rifle used by military and law enforcement agencies in Russia and other countries. It has a shorter range and lower accuracy than the M24 but is more reliable in harsh conditions and has a higher rate of fire.
The M24 is a highly accurate and reliable sniper rifle used by military and law enforcement agencies worldwide. While other sniper rifles offer greater range, stopping power, or customization options, the M24 remains a popular choice for its balance of accuracy, reliability, and versatility.
Upgrades to the M24
In 2010, the US Army initiated a program to upgrade its existing M24 sniper rifles to the M24A2 and M24A3 configurations. These upgrades were performed by Remington Arms, the original manufacturer of the M24, and included modifications to the barrel, stock, trigger, and other components to improve accuracy and reliability. The M24A2 and M24A3 also featured a detachable box magazine, which could be quickly and easily replaced in the field, as well as an improved scope mount and bipod.
However, the Army ultimately decided to replace the M24 with the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle (ESR), which Remington developed in response to a requirement for a more capable and versatile sniper weapon system. The M2010 ESR is based on the same Remington Model 700 action as the M24 but features many upgrades and improvements, including a more accurate barrel, a detachable box magazine, and an improved stock with adjustable cheek and butt plates.
Israel Defense Forces snipers with the modernized M24 SWS (Photo: IDF)
The M2010 ESR is chambered for the .300 Winchester Magnum cartridge, which provides greater range and stopping power than the 7.62x51mm NATO round used in the M24. It has an effective range of up to 1,200 meters and can fire various match-grade and armor-piercing ammunition. The M2010 ESR is also equipped with an advanced Mark 4 6.5-20x50mm ER/T scope from Leupold & Stevens, which features a first focal plane reticle and tactical turrets for precise adjustments in the field.
Variants
The M24 is a series of sniper rifles produced by Remington Arms. The XM24A1 variant, which was chambered for the .300 Winchester Magnum round, was not adopted by the US Army due to concerns about the availability of special ammo. The Redick Arms Development company continued researching this concept, leading to the RAD M91A1 and M91A2 rifles adopted by the US Navy SEALs.
Remington has also developed improved versions of the M24 rifle, including the M24A2, which features a detachable 5-round magazine, adjustable Picatinny rails, barrel modifications, and an improved H-S Precision PST-026 stock. The M24A3 SWS is another variant of the M24, which is chambered for the .338 Lapua Magnum round and comes with a 5-round detachable box magazine. It can use detachable front and rear Back-Up Iron Sights in an emergency.
M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle (Photo: Flickr)
In 2009, the US Army solicited proposals for reconfiguring M24 Sniper Weapon Systems, including rebarreling the rifles to accommodate Mk 248 .300 Winchester Magnum ammunition, replacing the existing weaver rails with MIL-STD-1913 rails, and reconfiguring the stock to incorporate a detachable box magazine, adjustable comb, and length of pull. The US government purchased MK 248 MOD 1 match-grade ammunition in 2009 for use in .300 Winchester Magnum sniper rifles, which should increase the maximum effective range of .300 Winchester Magnum sniper rifles to 1,370 m.
In 2010, the US Army awarded Remington a contract to upgrade up to 3,600 M24 Sniper Weapon Systems to the M24E1 Enhanced Sniper Rifle (ESR), later classified as the XM2010. The major configuration change for this system was the conversion from 7.62×51mm NATO to .300 Winchester Magnum ammunition, which exploited the M24’s “long action” bolt to provide additional precision and range. This rifle is considered a “total conversion upgrade,” which includes changes to the barrel, stock, magazines, muzzle brake, suppressor, and more.
Regarding the design and development of anti-tank weapons, most countries turn to foreign manufacturers to provide them with the necessary tools. However, in the mid-1990s, Argentina decided to take a different approach and develop an anti-tank weapon that was entirely indigenous. The result was the MARA, a single-use anti-tank rocket weapon designed by CITEFA and manufactured by the Fray Luis Beltrán munition factory.
History
The exact origins of the MARA are somewhat unclear due to a lack of published literature. However, what is known is that the program was initiated in the mid-1990s and that the first operational test-firings of the weapon were conducted in 2005. The design requirements for the MARA were straightforward: the weapon had to be made with simple and readily-available materials and technologies, incorporate R&D capabilities Argentina already had available, have a lower unit cost than comparable foreign weapons, have a high cost-effectiveness, and provide a personal anti-tank capability to every soldier in the field.
Design
The MARA is extremely similar in appearance to the M72 LAW, although its proportions differ slightly. The sling swivels on the MARA are both mounted on the underside of the outer tube, eliminating the need for the user to detach the sling from the muzzle cover when preparing to fire. Most MARAs are painted sand or olive drab in color or a drylands camouflage pattern and have white stenciling and decals that include safety guides and the firing procedure.
A U.S. Army, Special Forces member fires an M72 Light Anti-Armor Weapon during heavy weapons training on Eglin Range, Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., Oct. 29, 2013. Hurlburt Field instructors assisted and trained army members during a tactical training exercise. (Photo: U.S. Air Force/Airman 1st Class Jeff Parkinson)
Composition
The composition of the MARA is comparable to most other single-use anti-tank rocket weapons, with a reinforced fiberglass tube, steel muzzle, venturi caps, sights, and various minor components made from lightweight metal or plastic.
Sights and Range
The sights used on the MARA consist of a similar front post and rear ladder to those used on the M72 LAW. The sighting range is unpublished but probably similar to that of the M72 LAW (350 meters) due to the similar performance of the MARA’s rocket.
Rocket and Warhead
The 73 mm rocket used in the MARA is similar to the 66 mm rocket used in the M72 LAW. Despite the MARA’s larger warhead, the warhead also penetrates the same 300 mm of Rolled Homogenous Armor (RHA) as the LAW rocket. The rocket is similar in shape to that used in the LAW and has 6 folding fins that spring into a radial cluster as the projectile leaves the tube. The projectile is reportedly accurate and can consistently hit a one-square-meter target at 200 m. A training round is also provided for the MARA; an empty tube may be loaded with one, reportedly up to five times.
Operation and Temperature Range
The operation of the MARA appears to be the same as that of the M72 LAW, although the sling remains fastened to the weapon. According to the manufacturer, the MARA is operable inside a temperature range of -20°C to +50°C.
Combat Use and Limitations
Given the current political stability in southern South America, the MARA has yet to see combat deployment and is unlikely to be utilized in the foreseeable future. Argentina is presently the sole operator of the weapon. However, the MARA cannot make any export sales due to its low performance and comparatively large size and weight for a weapon of its class. Many other weapons of similar capability flood the market, and most are used surplus and likely cost less than the MARA.
The MARA was initially intended to equip every soldier in the field with a personal anti-tank capability. However, its limitations render it ineffective against modern armored vehicles. The weapon’s short range and insufficient penetration capabilities are unsuitable against contemporary tanks with advanced armor protection. Nevertheless, the MARA may still be practical against lightly armored vehicles or fortified positions.
Technical Details
The MARA anti-tank rocket is a single-use weapon that can penetrate up to 300 mm of Rolled Homogenous Armor (RHA) using a 73mm rocket. The rocket is similar in design to that used in the M72 LAW and has six folding fins that spring into a radial cluster as the projectile leaves the tube. The warhead of the MARA is larger than that of the M72 LAW, but it can still penetrate the same armor thickness due to the rocket’s similar performance.
The sights used on the MARA are similar to those of the M72 LAW, with a front post and rear ladder. The sighting range is unpublished, but it is probably similar to that of the LAW, which is about 350 meters. The sling swivels on the MARA are mounted on the underside of the outer tube, unlike the M72 LAW, which requires the user to detach the sling from the muzzle cover before firing. The sling remains attached to the weapon during firing.
The MARA comprises simple and readily available materials, including a reinforced fiberglass tube, steel muzzle and venturi caps and sights, and lightweight metal or plastic components. A percussion primer launches the rocket triggered when the user pulls the trigger. The rocket then exits the tube and travels along a pre-determined flight path, guided by the fins.
The Talley Defense Systems M72 LAW (Light Anti-armor Weapon System) is a disposable, single-shot anti-tank rocket weapon developed by the US Army in the late 1950s. This weapon is lightweight, easy to use, and intended to be issued to as many soldiers as necessary.
History
In 1956, the US Army established a requirement for a lightweight anti-tank weapon that could be carried and fired by a single soldier. The idea was to create a small, single-use launcher that could be discarded once fired instead of issuing a reloadable anti-tank weapon to a dedicated grenadier. After exploring various possibilities, it was decided that the weapon should be a small, single-use launcher that would be discarded once fired.
Between 1956 and 1958, a design was submitted to the Army by the Hesse-Eastern Division of Flightex Fabrics. This design entailed a 66 mm rocket with a shaped charge warhead, launched from a small, disposable fiberglass tube made just strong enough for decades of rough handling and one shot. In February of 1958, the weapon was developed at the newly-established Rohm and Haas research laboratory at Redstone Arsenal. The propulsion system was designed first, after which the remainder of the weapon was designed by a team under Paul V. Choate, Charles B. Weeks, and Frank A. Spinale.
Packing crates are used to demonstrate the danger of the M72 LAW’s back blast (Photo: XY)
Once development was underway, work proceeded quickly, with the first shoulder-fired launch occurring in October of the same year. The complete weapon matured quickly and was type-classified by the Army in March 1961 as “66 mm HEAT, Rocket, M72”. Full-scale production was initiated by Hesse-Eastern in 1963, and the weapon achieved operational service with the US Army and US Marine Corps in the same year.
Design
The M72 LAW is a lightweight, single-shot anti-tank weapon easily identifiable by its cylindrical fiberglass launcher. This launcher is typically olive drab in color and features a long, narrow, rectangular sight housing that runs along the entire tube length. A carrying sling is attached to a swivel on the rear cover, while another swivel is found on the underside of the foreword section of the launch tube.
The M72 LAW extends to around 30% of its closed length when opened. The inner tube is extended from the back end of the outer tube, and a rail that is retracted entirely into the sight housing is now visible. The front cover is removed from the weapon, while the rear cover dangles on a hinge below the back end of the outer tube. The carrying sling is detached from the swivel on the rear cover and is usually left attached to the front swivel.
An M72 LAW in extended position (Photo: XY)
The M72 LAW features a 66 mm rocket with a shaped charge warhead launched from a small, disposable fiberglass tube. A 2-stage propulsion system is used to launch the rocket, starting with a simple black powder charge ignited when a firing pin is struck upon squeezing the trigger bar. This charge hurls the rocket clear of the operator, simultaneously initiating its ignition. When the solid-fuel sustainer rocket is fully burned, it is clear of the firing position. The M72 LAW family has evolved, with increasingly more powerful motors being fitted to them, increasing their range and muzzle velocity.
The front and rear sights on the M72 LAW are of the flip-up ladder type, with reticules printed on two small panes of plexiglass. The maximum sighting range is 350 m, in increments of 25 m up to 200 m, and in increments of 50 m beyond that range. Stadia lines and range markers are included for calculating lead on crossing targets.
M72 LAW rocket (Photo: XY)
The M72 LAW can be fired from a standing, kneeling, or prone position. Still, when firing from a prone position, the venturi must be pointed away from the operator to avoid serious injury from the backblast. The backblast area of the M72 LAW is a 30-degree cone, and the “danger zone” extends to 15 m behind the weapon with an 8 m base. All personnel, equipment, and flammable material must be clear of this area. A widely-circulated US Army photograph taken in 1969 at Fort Lewis graphically demonstrates the force of the LAW’s backblast in the “danger zone,” as a heap of wooden packing crates directly behind Pvt. Barry Hill (the weapon’s operator in the photograph) was sent flying through the air behind him. The “caution zone” extends from the aforementioned 8 m base 15 m behind the weapon to a 25 m base 40 m behind the weapon. Precautions must be taken to protect the eyes and ears of any person inside the “caution zone,” Any debris behind the weapon may also be flung with significant force into this area.
Most variants of the M72 LAW have a shaped charge warhead capable of penetrating 300 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA). However, several recent models use HE-FRAG warheads, HEDP, APERS, and non-explosive training warheads. However, none of the LAW variants with HEAT warheads have a precursor charge, making them incapable of defeating Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA).
Operational history
The early service of the M72 LAW was an unfortunate period in the history of the US military. During the Vietnam War, the LAW was initially considered effective against enemy-held structures and fighting positions but ineffective in the defense against tanks. The Battle of Lang Vei was the most significant example of the LAW’s problems. When facing an approaching North Vietnamese Army armored formation, the garrison had only a few weapons. The delivery of 100 M72 LAWs did not save the garrison. Most of the launchers failed, with some rockets misfiring, launching but not exploding, exploding moments after launch, or failing to penetrate the armor of the enemy vehicles.
Some of the launchers were impossible to arm, and the Green Berets had to concentrate their rocket fire against the tracks of the advancing tanks, which was also ineffective. After this, the Army conducted a test-firing of a batch of M72s to test their reliability, with poor results. Consequently, major design revisions resulted in improved rocket motors and launchers. However, the LAW became obsolete with the introduction of Soviet tanks with thicker frontal armor and composite armor. This resulted in a lack of confidence in the M72 LAW. The US Army developed a successor, the FGR-17 Viper anti-tank rocket launcher, which was a greater embarrassment, leading to the acquisition of a foreign weapon, the Bofors AT-4.
M72 LAW with Picatinny rail (Photo: XY)
Despite its reputation, the M72 LAW family remains in production and service because of its utility. It has been used in almost every US ground conflict since the Vietnam War and has been used by the US military and its allies in Afghanistan and Iraq. The known operators of the M72 LAW include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, Greece, Indonesia, Israel, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the US, the UK, Vietnam, and Yemen. It has been retired from service with Cambodia and Denmark.
The M72 LAW, a portable one-shot anti-tank weapon, continues to be in production and is currently manufactured by NAMMO Talley in the US, NAMMO in Norway, and MKEK in Turkey. Depending on the model, the unit cost of a new M72 LAW ranges from $750 to over $2,200. The M72 LAW’s widespread deployment and abundance suggest its service life is bound to extend well into the foreseeable future.
Variants
The M72 LAW, a portable one-shot anti-tank weapon, has undergone various iterations and modifications. The M72 was the original production model featuring the M54 rocket. The M72A1 and M72A2 models have improved rocket motors, though it’s unclear how the latter differs from the former. The M72A3 is either an M72A1 or M72A2 with improved safety features.
The M72A4 has an improved launcher assembly and a higher-velocity rocket with an improved warhead. The M72A5 is essentially an M72A3 with an improved launcher. The M72A6 is armed with a High-Explosive Dual-Purpose (HEDP) warhead designed for use against structures, personnel, and light armor. However, it’s not expected to be effective against main battle tanks. The M72A7 is a modified version of the M72A6, designed specifically for use by the US Navy.
The M72E8 is an M72A7 with a Fire-From-Enclosure (FFE) capability, developed by NAMMO Raufoss in Norway. The M72E9 is a NAMMO Raufoss-developed version of the M72A5, with a significantly more powerful shaped charge warhead. The M72E10 is essentially an M72E8 with a High-Explosive Fragmentation (HE-FRAG) warhead designed for use against personnel.
The M72AS is a training RPG with a 21 mm munition and an inert warhead. The M190 is a reloadable training weapon that launches an M73 35 mm rocket. The Picket, an enlarged version of the M72 LAWS with an 82 mm rocket, was developed in Israel but never entered service. The HAR-66 is a Turkish hybrid weapon with an M72A2 rocket and an M72A3 launcher. The HAR-66 AP “Wasp” is a HAR-66 launcher and rocket with an anti-personnel warhead.
The XM191 was an incendiary rocket weapon with a rocket based on that used in the M72 LAWS. However, the napalm-based filler of the rockets and some other design features were considered inadequate. It was replaced in development and service by the M202 FLASH, an evolution of the XM191, and an incendiary rocket launcher currently in service with the US and South Korea.
The RPG-18 “Mukha” is a Soviet-made RPG weapon based on the same design principles as the M72 LAW. It’s uncannily similar in design and was unquestionably influenced by its US-made predecessor, leading many in the West to assume it was simply a reverse-engineered M72. The RPG-22 “Netto” is essentially an enlarged RPG-18 with a wider 72 mm bore.
Finally, the M80 Zolja is a Yugoslav-built equivalent of the M72 LAW, which many sources have widely assumed to be a reverse-engineered M72. However, it is larger overall, with a slightly smaller 64 mm bore.
Former Senior Chief Petty Officer (SEAL) Douglas “Mike” Day, who was shot 27 times during a 2007 deployment to Iraq and was awarded the Silver Star, passed away on March 27, 2023. Day had a distinguished career in the Navy spanning 21 years and received several other commendations, including two Bronze Stars (one with valor) and a Purple Heart.
Douglas M. Day was born on May 24, 1975, in Honolulu, Hawaii, and was raised in Auburn, Washington. Tragically, he passed away at age 47 after enduring a prolonged struggle with PTSD. On March 27, 2023, he tragically took his own life.
In addition to his service in the Navy, Mike Day was a renowned author and advocated for wounded veterans. He also served as a tactical training instructor for special operations forces and law enforcement personnel. He founded Warrior Tribe, a non-profit organization providing veterans and trauma survivors with resiliency training resources.
Mike Day is shown here with his dog, Herja. (Photo: Instagram/mikeday5326/)
Mike Day’s memoir, “Perfectly Wounded,” recounts his experience as the first person to enter a 12 by 12 room during a hunt for a high-level al Qaeda operative. He engaged in an intense gunfight with four terrorists waiting to ambush him. He cleared the rest of the structure and rescued the six women and children inside despite being shot 27 times and sustaining multiple shrapnel wounds and a traumatic brain injury.
Mike Day spent nearly two years recovering from his injuries, losing over 50 pounds in two weeks while in the hospital. Although he recovered from his physical wounds, he suffered from invisible wounds such as PTSD and a traumatic brain injury that stayed with him for the rest of his life.
Mike Day during recovery with his friend Gary Sinise (Photo: togetherweserved.com)
Day was known for his resilience and ability to “just figure it out” in the face of trauma. He refused help from his Iraqi Scouts when leaving the structure after the gunfight, stating that he feared it would hurt more. Day’s heroism and unwavering determination to complete the mission inspired his fellow teammates, and his legacy will continue to inspire future generations of service members.
“We mourn the loss of an outstanding Naval Special Warfare teammate, former Senior Chief Mike Day. His courage and grit formed the standard we uphold in the community today, and we will always remember his service to the special operations community.”
Navy Times, Naval Special Warfare spokeswoman
In a message to Navy Times, a Naval Special Warfare spokeswoman expressed the community’s sorrow over Day’s loss. She praised his courage and grit, which set the standard for the community’s values. Day was a warrior’s warrior and will be remembered as a true American hero. Rest in peace, brother.
The SIG MCX is a popular family of firearms manufactured by SIG Sauer, available in the selective fire and semi-automatic models. The MCX features a short-stroke gas piston system derived from the SIG MPX submachine gun. The rifle is designed to deliver optimal performance, reliability, and versatility. It is available in rifle, carbine, short-barreled rifle, and pistol configurations, making it an excellent option for various applications. This article will explore the features, history, and applications of the SIG MCX.
A Brief History
The SIG MCX was first introduced at the SHOT Show in 2015. SIG USA, a subsidiary of SIG Sauer based in New Hampshire, designed the rifle. The rifle features a short-stroke gas piston system based on the design of the earlier SIG MPX submachine gun. The MCX was originally designed to deliver optimal performance with .300 AAC Blackout ammunition and an optional suppressor. However, the rifle’s versatility and adaptability have made it popular for various applications.
SIG Sauer MCX rifle (Photo: XY)
In 2016, SIG recalled some of the rifles that had the first-generation bolt carrier group. This issue was quickly resolved, and the SIG MCX has since become a popular choice among military, law enforcement, and civilian shooters. Unfortunately, a SIG MCX was used in the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, which at the time was the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history, now second to the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. This event highlighted the need for responsible gun ownership and safe storage of firearms.
Features
The SIG MCX is designed to deliver optimal performance, reliability, and versatility. The rifle features a short-stroke gas piston system, which reduces recoil and improves the weapon’s reliability. The MCX can be converted between 5.56×45mm NATO, .300 AAC Blackout, and 7.62×39mm ammunition, using standard 5.56 mm STANAG magazines for 5.56×45mm NATO and .300 AAC Blackout and specially designed STANAG-compatible magazines for 7.62×39mm. This makes the MCX a versatile rifle that can be adapted to various applications.
The MCX features a tapered barrel crown, which allows the installation of muzzle devices and direct-thread sound suppressors without using washers that degrade performance. The barrel can be changed in a matter of seconds to another length or a different caliber, which makes the MCX a highly adaptable rifle. The barrels are nitride coated for corrosion resistance and feature hardened steel wear points, ensuring the rifle’s durability.
SIG MCX the right side view (Photo: XY)
The first generation MCX variants have a forend made of aluminum with a KeyMod system to add accessories, while second generation MCX variants have an M-LOK handguard. Controls are mostly ambidextrous, including the charging handle but not the bolt release. Four stock configurations are available for the MCX carbine, making it a customizable rifle that can be tailored to individual needs. The overall layout of the two rifles is similar, and the upper receiver is designed to be compatible with standard AR-15 and M16 lower receivers with the help of an adapter.
In July 2018, USSOCOM, the United States Special Operations Command, selected an integrally suppressed upper receiver group for the SURG (Suppressed Upper Receiver Group) contract based on the MCX platform. The suppressed uppers were intended to be paired with the M4A1 lowers already in the SOCOM inventory. This decision was made to enhance the capabilities of the existing weapons and provide military personnel with an effective means of suppressing the noise produced by firearms during combat operations. By opting for the integrally suppressed upper receiver group, USSOCOM intended to improve the effectiveness and versatility of their firearms while ensuring compatibility with the existing inventory.
The Short-Stroke Gas Piston System
One of the most significant features of the SIG MCX is the short-stroke gas piston system. The system is designed to reduce recoil and improve the weapon’s reliability, making it more controllable and comfortable to shoot. The system is inherited from the earlier SIG MPX submachine gun and has been adapted to fit the MCX.
SIG MCX (Photo: XY)
The short-stroke gas piston system works by diverting gas from the barrel to operate the action instead of using the gas to drive the bolt carrier group directly, as in a direct impingement system. This design reduces the amount of fouling in the receiver and bolt carrier group, improving the weapon’s reliability and making it easier to maintain.
The MCX can also fire various types of ammunition, thanks to the conversion system that allows the shooter to change the caliber or length of the barrel in just seconds. This makes the MCX a versatile weapon, capable of adapting to a wide range of shooting situations.
Variants
The SIG MCX is a versatile and widely-used rifle in various configurations. The rifle is available with a safe/semi-automatic trigger group for the U.S. civilian market. In contrast, military and law enforcement agencies can obtain it with a safe/semi-automatic/fully automatic trigger group.
SIG Sauer offers three different semi-automatic rifle configurations for the civilian market. The SIG MCX Patrol is the standard configuration with a 406 mm (16 in) barrel. The SIG MCX SBR is a short-barreled rifle configuration with a 229 mm (9 in) barrel subject to federal restrictions and regulated by state laws. The SIG MCX Pistol is the pistol configuration of the rifle that fits the U.S. legal definition of a handgun. It has a 229 mm (9 in) or 292 mm (11.5 in) barrel and comes with either the SIG Sauer SBX or SIG Sauer PCB. The BATFE previously warned users that shouldering a weapon fitted with the SIG SBX or similar forearm brace and not registered as a short-barreled rifle constitutes the making of a short-barreled rifle is a Title II weapon. However, this is no longer the case as of April 2017.
SIG MCX the left side view (Photo: XY)
The SIG MCX Low Visibility Assault Weapon (LVAW) is a short-barreled, suppressed, select-fire variant available only to military and law enforcement agencies. It is nicknamed the “Black Mamba.”
The second generation of the SIG MCX series is the SIG MCX VIRTUS, introduced in 2017. The SIG MCX VIRTUS Patrol is the standard configuration rifle with a 406 mm (16 in) barrel, custom Sig Matchlite Duo Trigger for improved accuracy, and folding and collapsing 5-position stock. It has four handguard lengths, interchangeable barrels, and a special internal recoil system. The SIG MCX VIRTUS SBR is the short-barreled rifle configuration of the MCX VIRTUS with a 292 mm (11.5 in) barrel for the 5.56×45mm NATO caliber and a 140 mm (5.5 in) or 229 mm (9 in) barrel for the .300 AAC Blackout caliber. The SIG MCX VIRTUS Pistol is the pistol configuration of the MCX VIRTUS with an SBX stabilizer brace and a 292 mm (11.5 in) barrel for the 5.56×45mm NATO caliber and a 229 mm (9 in) barrel for the .300 AAC Blackout caliber.
The SIG MCX RATTLER is a short-barreled rifle variant designed for personal defense and chambered in .300 AAC Blackout and 5.56. It features a 140 mm (5.5 in) barrel and a Picatinny rail tail interface for attaching a compact buttstock or a folding PCB. In February 2018, USSOCOM ordered upper receiver group conversion kits for the MCX Rattler in .300BLK for evaluation. The MCX Rattler was later selected as the winner of SOCOM’s Commercial Personal Defense Weapon (CPDW) contract in May 2022, and suppressed MCX Rattlers will be ordered in 5.56 and .300BLK.
The MCX Rattler has been reported to be a more dependable firearm than the M4/M4A1. The M4 uses a direct impingement system, while the Rattler features a combined gas piston system and dual recoil springs that effectively minimize jamming issues. This is because the Rattler’s gas piston system is more efficient in managing the recoil and preventing malfunctions. This mechanism helps to ensure that the Rattler is a more reliable and efficient firearm than the M4/M4A1.
The third generation of the SIG MCX is the SIG MCX-SPEAR LT, introduced in 2022. It is designed as a carbine with a 9-inch (230 mm), 11.5-inch (290 mm), or 16-inch (410 mm) barrel and a Picatinny rail tail interface for attaching either a buttstock or a pistol brace.
SIG MCX SPEAR
The SIG MCX Spear is a further development of the MCX and was adopted by the U.S. Army in 2022. The MCX Spear is chambered in the .277 Fury cartridge, a new round developed by SIG Sauer specifically for the Army’s Next Generation Squad Weapon (NGSW) program.
SIG Sauer NSGW (Photo: XY)
The .277 Fury cartridge is designed to deliver superior accuracy, lethality, and range compared to the standard 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. The round has a maximum effective range of 1,000 meters and can penetrate Level IV body armor at 600 meters. The MCX Spear is designed to exploit these capabilities, making it a potent weapon for modern warfare.
The SIG MCX in the News
The SIG MCX has been in the news for several reasons, some controversial. In 2016, a SIG MCX was used in the Orlando nightclub shooting, which was, at the time, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history, though the 2017 Las Vegas shooting has since surpassed it. The shooter used a modified SIG MCX, which had been converted to full auto and had an illegally obtained suppressor attached.
After the shooting, SIG Sauer recalled some first-generation MCX rifles with the bolt carrier group. The recall affected several rifles, and SIG Sauer worked closely with the ATF to resolve the issue. The company also introduced several design changes to address the concerns raised by the recall.
Despite this incident, the SIG MCX remains popular among shooters and law enforcement agencies due to its reliability, versatility, and accuracy.
The SIG MPX is a submachine gun developed by SIG Sauer in 2013. This weapon features a gas-operated, selective fire system that performs optimally in adverse conditions. The SIG MPX has a unique piston system that reduces recoil, increases accuracy and reliability, and ensures that dirt and water do not enter the chamber, causing stoppages. The weapon also has features that are typically found on assault rifles. The SIG MPX is highly versatile and free to change barrel length and stock configuration while in the field. In this article, we will take a closer look at the design, features, and performance of the SIG MPX.
Design
The SIG MPX is a submachine gun designed with a gas-operated and selective fire system chambered for standard 9×19 mm Parabellum ammunition. Its dimensions and weight resemble the popular Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun. Nonetheless, there are notable differences between the two. The SIG MPX boasts a modern design with a modular structure that allows for effortless customization. It is also shorter and lighter than the MP5, enabling easier maneuverability in confined spaces. However, the MP5 has earned a reputation for its exceptional accuracy and reliability, making it a preferred choice among law enforcement and special forces personnel for several decades.
The weapon is a scaled-down version of the SIG MCX assault rifle and is the first submachine gun with a fully closed and rotating bolt piston system. The piston system was developed for the SIG MCX assault rifle and is typically associated with assault rifles. The system reduces recoil, increases accuracy and reliability, and ensures that dirt and water do not enter the chamber, causing stoppages.
The SIG MPX has a baseline 165 mm (6.5″) barrel. However, versions of the weapon with different barrel lengths are available. The weapon has an ambidextrous fire mode selector located over the pistol grip, with settings for “safe,” “semi-auto,” and “full-auto.” There are also semi-automatic only versions of the weapon. The charging handle resembles the Armalite AR-15 (M16) assault rifle and is located at the back of the weapon. It does not reciprocate when the weapon is fired and can be charged with either hand.
SIG Sauer MCX rifle (Photo: XY)
The SIG MPX has a last-shot bolt hold open and an ambidextrous bolt release button that speeds up the weapon’s reloading. The weapon is fed from 30-round capacity magazines, although smaller magazines are available for civil semi-automatic only versions of the weapon. The SIG MPX has a 3-position telescoping stock, with a version of the weapon also featuring a side-folding buttstock. Some civilian semi-automatic only models have no stock at all or are fitted with a shoulder brace that can act as a buttstock.
Features
The SIG MPX has various features that make it highly versatile and suitable for various environments. The weapon has a full-length Picatinny-type scope rail, and detachable flip-up iron sights are standard. The weapon can also mount various red dot-type sights or laser pointers. The range of effective fire is around 50-75 meters, making the weapon ideal for use in close quarters.
The MPX can be fitted with accessory rails on the foregrip, allowing users to mount various add-on tactical accessories, such as laser pointers, flashlights, etc. The weapon is also highly customizable, allowing users to change the field’s barrel length and stock configuration.
Performance
The SIG MPX is a reliable and accurate submachine gun. It has a low recoil, which helps to increase accuracy and ease of control during rapid fire. The fully closed and rotating bolt piston system enhances reliability and reduces malfunctions, making this weapon suitable for military and law enforcement. Additionally, the ability to customize the barrel length and stock configuration makes the SIG MPX versatile for various applications.
The weapon’s ambidextrous fire mode selector and bolt release button are convenient features allowing easier handling and faster reloading times. The charging handle at the back of the weapon can be charged with either hand, adding to the weapon’s versatility. The last shot bolt holds open feature further speeds up the reloading process.
The MPX submachine gun uses a 30-round capacity magazine, which is standard for this type of weapon. However, smaller magazines are available for semi-automatic only versions of the weapon. This makes it easier for civilian shooters to use the weapon in areas with restricted high-capacity magazines.
The SIG MPX prevents dirt and water from entering the chamber and causing stoppages. This feature enhances the weapon’s reliability, particularly in adverse conditions, making it a suitable option for law enforcement and military applications. The weapon’s ability to mount various tactical accessories, such as laser pointers and flashlights, further enhances its performance in tactical situations.
Variants
The SIG MPX is a versatile submachine gun in various versions, each designed to serve a particular purpose. The baseline MPX model has a 165 mm (6.5″) barrel, but other variants have different barrel lengths. For example, the MPX-K, with a 140 mm (5.5″) barrel and a side-folding stock, is a more compact option, ideal for easy transportation. The MPX-P is designed for personal defense and has a shorter 127 mm (5″) barrel.
SIG Sauer MPX Copperhead (Photo: XY)
Furthermore, there are several civilian semi-automatic versions of the weapon. These include the SIG MPX Copperhead, which has a 127 mm (5″) barrel and a no-stock option. The SIG MPX-K Copperhead, with a 140 mm (5.5″) barrel and a side-folding stock, and the SIG MPX-PCC, designed for use in pistol caliber carbine competitions.
SIG MPX K
The SIG MPX K, also known as the “Kurz,” is a compact version of the gun equipped with a 114 mm (4.5″) barrel. On the other hand, the SIG MPX P is a semi-automatic pistol version with no buttstock and a longer 203 mm (8″) barrel. There are other semi-automatic versions available for civilian customers and various security services.
SIG MPX-K (Photo: XY)
SIG MPX PSB
The SIG MPX PSB is another semi-automatic pistol version with a shoulder brace that also serves as a side-folding stock. It comes with a 203 mm (8″) barrel, and the SIG MPX SBR is a pistol version equipped with a collapsible stock, similar to the baseline submachine gun, and a barrel length of either 114 mm (4.5″) or 203 mm (8″).
SIG MPX SD
The SIG MPX SD is a submachine gun with an integral sound suppressor designed primarily for special forces and elite law enforcement units. It shares some conceptual similarities with the Heckler & Koch MP5SD. Lastly, the SIG MPX C is a semi-automatic version that can be distinguished by its exceptionally long barrel. Although it’s called a “carbine,” it’s essentially the baseline MPX submachine gun limited to semi-automatic firing with a 165 mm (6.5″) barrel and an additional 241 mm (9.5″) muzzle attachment permanently welded to the weapon.
SIG MPX PCC
SIG MPX PCC is a variant of another derivative of MPX. PCC stands for Pistol Caliber Carbine, which means that it is a carbine-style firearm that fires pistol cartridges, such as 9mm, .40 S&W, and .357 SIG.
The MPX PCC is popular among law enforcement, military personnel, and civilian shooters due to its reliability, accuracy, and modularity. It features a short-stroke gas piston system, which reduces recoil and allows for smoother operation. Additionally, the MPX PCC has a fully ambidextrous design, with controls such as the magazine release and charging handle on both sides of the firearm.
SIG MPX PCC (Photo: XY)
SIG Sauer also offers a range of customization options for the MPX PCC, including various barrel lengths, handguard styles, and stock options. These features make the MPX PCC a versatile and adaptable firearm suitable for various applications, including self-defense, competition shooting, and tactical operations.
It’s also worth noting that the Caracal CMP-9 is a version of the SIG MPX produced under license by Caracal International in the United Arab Emirates.
Legal Considerations
The SIG MPX is a restricted weapon in many countries, including the United States. In the US, the weapon is regulated by the National Firearms Act (NFA) and requires a tax stamp and approval from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) to own. Additionally, some states have their own regulations regarding the ownership and use of submachine guns.
In countries where the weapon is legal, it is primarily used by military and law enforcement agencies. Civilians may be able to own a semi-automatic-only version of the weapon, depending on their country’s laws and regulations.
The Danish Frogman Corps (Froemandskorps) is a highly trained and specialized unit under the Danish Navy Headquarters that has been operational since 1957. The unit was formed to conduct underwater reconnaissance and other maritime operations beyond traditional naval vessels’ capabilities. Alongside the Jaeger Corps, they are the core of the Danish Special Forces. This article will delve deeper into this unique special forces unit’s history, duties, and capabilities.
History
In 1957, the Danish Navy established the Frogman Corps as a diving school to tackle maritime operations that traditional naval vessels could not manage. The creation of this specialized unit aimed to address this need. As part of their efforts to develop the corps, the Danish Navy sent four officers for training with the US Navy SEALs and the Norwegian Froskemandskorps, forming the Frogman Corps.
After thirteen years of operating under the diving school, the Frogman Corps became a unit under Navy Headquarters (SOK) in 1970, serving as a vital part of Denmark’s special forces. The unit is responsible for executing maritime operations during peacetime and wartime.
Alongside the Jaeger Corps, they are the elite of the Danish Army (Photo: XY)
The Frogman Corps was founded on 17th June 1957 based on the United Kingdom’s Special Boat Service, US Underwater Demolition Team, and Norway’s Marinejegerkommandoen. Initially, the unit was under the Danish Navy’s Diving School at Flådestation Holmen in Copenhagen. However, it became an independent unit operationally under the submarine squadron in 1972.
Mission
The Frogman Corps is a specialized unit responsible for carrying out maritime operations. The primary role of the corps is reconnaissance, but it is also tasked with assaulting enemy ships, sabotaging fixed installations, and undertaking advanced force and maritime anti-terrorism tasks. The unit can also perform anti-terrorism and anti-criminal work on the land.
The Frogman Corps’ skills extend beyond military operations. They support the police with highly specialized diving tasks and assist local authorities in inspecting underwater installations, among other duties.
Frogman Corps anti-piracy raid (Photo: XY)
During wartime, the unit’s main duties include ship boardings, where the corps boards and secures enemy vessels. It is also responsible for conducting special reconnaissance missions to gather intelligence on enemy targets. The Frogman Corps is trained to sabotage enemy naval installations to disrupt their operations and can carry out direct combat missions against enemy forces.
During peacetime, the Frogman Corps assists the Danish police in search and rescue operations that require diving expertise. The unit is also trained to conduct underwater demolition operations, such as removing obstacles and demolishing enemy underwater installations.
Training
The Frogman Corps undergoes a rigorous training program at the Torpedo Station in Kongsøre. The training consists of a series of courses, including a three-week combat swimmer course, an advanced scuba diving course, a rescue swimmer course, and a survival course. The core of the training program is the nine-month basic Frogman Course. Around 500 to 600 candidates begin the course yearly, but less than a dozen individuals complete the nine-month course. Since its establishment in 1957, only 311 individuals have successfully completed the training and become frogmen as of 2015.
The training program is designed to produce elite soldiers capable of conducting maritime operations, including reconnaissance, assaulting enemy ships, and sabotaging fixed installations. In addition to their maritime duties, the Frogman Corps also carries out anti-terrorism and anti-criminal work on the land. The Corps assists the police with specialized diving operations and underwater inspections of installations.
Two operators from Frogman Corps standing in the field during the mountain warfare training (Photo: XY)
Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark is among the select few who have completed the rigorous training program and earned the badge of a Frogman. He passed the selection process and completed continuation training, earning the nickname “Pingo.” The Danish Frogman Corps’ training program is integral to producing highly skilled and specialized soldiers capable of complex maritime operations.
Capabilities
The Danish Frogman Corps is a highly trained and specialized unit with unique maritime capabilities. The unit is trained to operate in various environments, including coastlines, beaches, fjords, and harbor installations. Some of the unit’s key capabilities include:
Maritime insertion: The Frogman Corps is trained to carry out maritime insertion operations, which involves inserting troops and equipment into enemy territory using small watercraft and other specialized equipment.
Underwater navigation: The unit is trained to navigate underwater using specialized equipment, including rebreathers and underwater scooters.
Underwater combat: The Frogman Corps is trained to conduct combat operations underwater using specialized weapons, including the MP-5SD, MP-53, H&K G41 rifle, H&K 13E machine gun, Neuhausen Pistol, Remington Wingman model 870 shotgun, Smith & Wesson .38 Special.
Kayak operations: The Frogman Corps is trained to carry out operations using Klepper kayaks, which are small, portable, and easily transported to a mission area.
Diving operations: The unit is trained to carry out diving operations in a range of environments, including deep-sea diving, cave diving, and wreck diving.
Operations
The Frogman Corps has participated in various operations in different parts of the world. In Afghanistan, the unit was part of Task Force K-Bar, while in Iraq, it was involved in other missions. Additionally, between 2008 and 2014, the Frogman Corps was involved in counter-piracy operations as part of Operation Ocean Shield. One of the Corps’ most notable counter-piracy missions occurred on 5 February 2010.
Ten Frogman Corps members aboard HDMS Absalon (L16) successfully carried out a mission to free the 25 crew members of the Ariella. Six Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden hijacked this merchant’s vessel. The Frogman Corps members climbed aboard the ship, located and freed the crew, and searched the vessel for the pirates who had escaped.
In November 2021, a unit from the Frogman Corps participated in a counter-piracy operation in the Gulf of Guinea aboard the Royal Danish Navy frigate HDMS Esbern Snare (F342). During the operation, soldiers from the unit engaged in a firefight against eight suspected pirates aboard a fast-moving craft. The Frogman Corps soldiers managed to kill four suspects and capture three without casualties.
The Frogman Corps’ role in such operations underscores its importance in carrying out specialized maritime missions.
Gear
The listed weapons are some of the firearms used by the Danish Frogman Corps. The Glock 17 is a 9mm semi-automatic pistol used by military and law enforcement worldwide. The Heckler & Koch MP5 is a submachine gun used for close-quarters combat due to its small size and lightweight design. The SIG MCX is a modular rifle system for special operations and law enforcement use. The Gevær M/10, also known as the Colt Canada C8 IUR rifle, is a variant of the M16 rifle used by special forces units.
The Finskyttegevær M/04, or Sako TRG-42, is a bolt-action sniper rifle used for long-range precision shooting. The GRK M/03 40mm is a grenade launcher, specifically the Colt Canada M203A1 model, attached to the undersides of rifles and used for launching grenades. The Dysekanon M/85, or Carl Gustav M3, is a recoilless rifle used to destroy various targets, including light armored vehicles and fortifications. The Panserværnsvåben M/97, or AT-4 CS, is an anti-tank weapon that fires a rocket-propelled grenade and is used to destroy armored vehicles. The unit utilizes these weapons to complete its missions effectively and efficiently.
The Accuracy International Arctic Warfare Magnum (AWM) is a British sniper rifle. It is an upgraded version of the Accuracy International Arctic Warfare sniper rifle, designed to use larger and more powerful Magnum-type cartridges. The word “Magnum” in the designation denotes the Magnum chambering. This article will explore the features, variants, and performance of the Arctic Warfare Magnum.
Introduction
The Accuracy International AWM, also known as the Arctic Warfare Magnum or AI-Arctic Warfare Magnum, is a bolt-action sniper rifle designed by Accuracy International specifically for magnum rifle cartridges. The AWSM, which stands for Arctic Warfare Super Magnum, is an unofficial designation given to AWM rifles chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum.
Accuracy International Arctic Warfare (Photo: XY)
In September 2012, Accuracy International announced that it would phase out the .338 Lapua Magnum AWM rifle in favor of the Accuracy International AXMC sniper rifle. The bolt action of the AXMC was designed to be significantly stronger, capable of handling higher chamber pressures and temperatures, and thus higher bolt thrusts safely compared to the AWM. Consequently, the AXMC is longer and wider. The magazine of the AXMC was also appropriately enlarged to function with .338 Lapua Magnum cartridges loaded to the maximum allowed overall length of 93.50 mm (3.681 in) set by the Commission Internationale Permanente pour l’Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives (C.I.P.).
The Accuracy International AWM saw action during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and has been adopted by several countries.
Design
The Arctic Warfare Magnum has two main versions, chambered for .300 Winchester Magnum and .338 Lapua Magnum ammunition. The “Magnum” in the name denotes the Magnum chambering. The rifle features a stainless steel barrel, a solid buttstock, and detachable 5-round capacity magazines. Its longer bolt can accommodate the larger and more powerful Magnum-type ammunition.
Accuracy International Arctic Warfare Magnum (Photo: XY)
The .300 Winchester Magnum cartridge was initially developed for hunting purposes. Compared to the standard NATO .308 Winchester cartridge, the .300 Winchester Magnum has a flatter trajectory, increased muzzle velocity, wind resistance, and supersonic range, resulting in a longer effective range. The Arctic Warfare Magnum chambered for this cartridge has an effective range of 1,100 meters.
On the other hand, the .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge was designed for military snipers as long-range sniping ammunition. It has an effective range comparable to the .50 BMG cartridge, although it develops less kinetic energy and penetration. The Arctic Warfare Magnum chambered for this cartridge has an effective range of 1,500-1,700 meters, making it one of the most powerful sniper rifles in the world. It is known to be able to penetrate armored glass in some cases.
Use in Combat
The Arctic Warfare Magnum saw action during wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and has been adopted by at least 14 countries, including the United Kingdom, Norway, and South Korea. The version chambered for the .300 Winchester Magnum is in service with the Czech Republic, Germany (locally designated as the G22), and some other countries.
A Dutch ISAF sniper team with an Accuracy International AWM .338 Lapua Magnum rifle (Photo: Wiki Commons)
This sniper rifle is one of the best in the world and is known for its accuracy, power, and reliability. Its long effective range makes it a popular choice for military snipers, and its solid construction ensures it can withstand harsh conditions and rough handling.
Variants
Arctic Warfare Magnum-Folding (AWM-F)
The AWM-F is a version of the Arctic Warfare Magnum with a folding stock. This version is more compact and easier to carry in a backpack, making it a popular choice among operators.
Arctic Warfare Super Magnum
The Arctic Warfare Super Magnum is the unofficial name for the Arctic Warfare Magnum chambered for the .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge. This rifle has an effective range of 1,500-1,700 meters and is one of the best sniper rifles in the world. The British Armed Forces adopted it in 1996 as the L115A1, and an improved version called the L115A3 was introduced in 2007. The L115A3 was used to achieve the second-longest sniper kill in history in 2009 when a British Army sniper killed two Taliban fighters at a range of 2,475 meters. The Arctic Warfare Super Magnum was also exported to at least 13 countries, including Ireland, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, and South Korea.
Mk.13 Mod.5
The Mk.13 Mod.5 is an American sniper rifle that resembles the Arctic Warfare Magnum. It uses a chassis system supplied by Accuracy International but is based on the Remington 700 and is chambered for .300 Winchester Magnum ammunition. This rifle has an effective range of 1,200 meters and is used by the US Navy SEALs and other special operations units.
AXMC
The AXMC is a new multi-caliber sniper rifle produced by Accuracy International. It replaced the Arctic Warfare and Arctic Warfare Magnum rifles in production. With a caliber conversion kit, the shooter can modify it to use .338 Lapua Magnum (AX338 rifle), .300 Winchester Magnum (AX300 rifle), and standard NATO .308 Winchester ammunition (AX308 rifle).
